In  DBMS , database systems provide a safe and effective platform to manage large amount of  data . Their role is to provide services like  data organization ,  storage , and manipulation, as well as to guarantee data integrity. A database system’s primary goal is to facilitate data retrieval and provide a dependable storage platform for essential data. Efficient storage and retrieval are allowed by structured organization of data through database systems utilizing predefined schemas and  data models . DBMS maintains the reliability and accuracy of the information and returns it through enforced  constraints  and rules defined in the database schema that eliminates data redundancy and anomalies, respectively. Protecting confidential data is crucial and database systems successfully achieve this with their safeguards against unauthorized access. Database systems prioritize the security of sensitive data with their solid mechanisms in place to preserve data confidentiality

There are numerous essential applications of databases, integral for storing and retrieving data efficiently. These applications facilitate various functions, including data organization, management, and retrieval, serving as the backbone for countless digital operations and systems across industries. Ø   Telecom: There is a database to keep track of the information regarding calls made, network usage, customer details etc. Without the database systems it is hard to maintain that huge amount of data that keeps updating every millisecond. Ø   Industry: Where it is a manufacturing unit, warehouse or distribution centre, each one needs a database to keep the records of ins and outs. For example distribution centre should keep a track of the product units that supplied into the centre as well as the products which got delivered out from the distribution centre on each day; this is where DBMS comes into picture. Ø   Banking System: For storing customer info, tracking day to day cre

1.Relational Databases:  Ø   In  RDBMS , data is stored in tables , in form of rows and columns, where a row represent the record of the data and column represents the attributes of the record. Ø   Relational database model has two main terminologies called instance and schema. o    Instance is a table with rows or columns o    Schema specifies the structure like name of the relation, type of each column and name. Ø   For example, a student table stores the records of various students, a row of this table represents the record of a single student and the column represents the attributes of the record such as student id, name, age, address etc. ID      Name          Age      Address ---     ---------     ----     -------- 101     Obaid          28       Mehdipatnam      102     A. Aziz        32       Toli chowki 103     Mughaira       31       Secundrabad 104     Rahul          30       Agra Ø   We use SQL to manage, organize and perform various operations on RDBMS.